What causes low dopamine Here are some common factors that may contribute to reduced dopamine production: Jul 11, 2022 · Dopamine Detox | Causes of Low Dopamine | Dr. Understanding the causes of anhedonia is essential for developing effective treatments and interventions that can help restore an individual’s capacity for joy and engagement with Causes of Dopamine Deficiency. The DA system is under regulation by an inhibitory circuit including the basolateral amygdala (BLA)-ventral pallidum (VP) pathway that is activated by the infralimbic subregion (ilPFC), as well as an activating circuit. So dopamine will be downregulated whatever you take to boost dopamine, until you improve your oxidation status. Children with ADHD can have learning impairments, poor self-esteem, social dysfunction, and an increased risk of substance abuse, Low dopamine levels can impact mood, memory, sleep patterns, and social behavior. Dopamine levels are typically well-regulated within the nervous system Causes of low dopamine. Some of the common causes of dopamine deficiency may include – Unhealthy & poor diet; Underlying health conditions; Lack of protein; Obesity; Alcohol withdrawal May 30, 2016 · Causes of Dopamine Deficiency. The goal is to not only alleviate symptoms but also to create an environment that supports healthy dopamine function in the long term. Dopamine deficiency can result from a variety of factors. Sleep deprivation can also cause low levels of dopamine. This neurotransmitter is very closely related to testosterone - when dopamine is Sep 3, 2021 · How To Balance Dopamine Levels? Low dopamine or dysregulation of dopamine can be harmful to your mind health and body health. Low blood pressure (hypotension) Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). doi: 10. Several studies have explored this connection, shedding light on the potential mechanisms by which dopamine deficiency might contribute to thinning hair. Feb 11, 2025 · Low dopamine has been associated with conditions such as depression, ADHD, and even Parkinson's disease. ADHD. At its simplest, dopamine deficiency refers to low levels of dopamine in the body. That’s because their low dopamine may actually result from having too many of the transporters that take Mar 23, 2022 · Dopamine agonists bind to and activate the dopamine receptors on nerve cells in your brain, causing nerve cells to react in the same way as they would to natural dopamine. Research also shows that long-term heavy marijuana use may cause a blunting of the dopamine system. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Studies have been conducted on the effects of acute stress on dopamine nerve activities. In Parkinson’s disease, low dopamine is responsible for the characteristic stiff movements. However, microdialysis is an insensitive measure, averaging rather than giving data from single cells; it Aug 13, 2024 · Abnormal Dopamine Levels Low dopamine levels are associated with medical conditions such as depression and Parkinson’s disease. View all of the supplements we have for low mood Causes Of Dopamine Deficiency Syndrome Causes Of Dopamine Deficiency Syndrome. Several treatment options are available. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your Mar 6, 2024 · What blocks dopamine or causes low dopamine levels? Various conditions and some medications can cause low dopamine levels (also called dopamine deficiency). Since dopamine is involved in movement control, causes of high levels include conditions that produce Sep 12, 2024 · Many things can cause low dopamine levels. Sep 5, 2024 · Causes of Dopamine Deficiency. Jul 18, 2022 · Does weed cause low dopamine? Research suggests that heavy long-term marijuana users produce the same amount of dopamine, but their bodies don’t know what to do with it. Certain things like caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine may provide a dopamine boost if not used in excess. Below are five of the leading causes of this deficiency. Nov 2, 2024 · Low dopamine levels are associated with brain fog, mood swings, and muscle spasms. Mol Psychiatry. Blood sugar, often known as glucose, is the most basic type of carbohydrate. Release of acetylcholine, norepinephrine and serotonin are all controlled in part by histamine levels. Aug 22, 2024 · The Connection Between Low Dopamine and Hair Loss. 2. Learn more about how dopamine levels affect schizophrenia symptoms, treatments, and causes. Sep 1, 2018 · Tourette syndrome (TS) is thought to involve dopaminergic disturbances, but the nature of those disturbances remains controversial. and the sense of dopamine we get through doing productive things that are good for us is not as quick, simple, or easy so the body gets addicted to those patterns of reaching for the quickest easiest way to get a hit of dopamine. Ondo. Jul 9, 2024 · Dopamine levels that are too high or too low cause mental and physical conditions like Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. OCD Nov 7, 2024 · While low dopamine alone may not directly cause ADHD, it contributes significantly to its symptoms, making it harder to stay on track, especially with routine or uninteresting tasks. Sep 26, 2019 · Low dopamine is not a medical diagnosis, and doctors rarely check dopamine levels. Your brain does not constantly produce dopamine. Major Depressive Disorders and Dopamine. It is the reverse, as scientists have recently discovered. However, it is a complex condition that involves dysregulation of dopamine and another chemical May 27, 2022 · Can low dopamine cause migraine? There’s a significant overlap between migraine and depression , sleep disorders , and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , though the reason for Causes Of Low Dopamine Low dopamine can cause symptoms of depression, loss of motivation, low energy levels, feelings of worthlessness, and more. May 30, 2019 · Potential causes of a dopamine deficiency include caffeine, long-term alcohol and drug use, nicotine, psychological stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, and low stomach acid. Researchers reason why some people have ADHD is that they have an increased amount of dopamine transporters. Get Enough Sleep. But there’s a growing body of evidence that dopamine deficiency may be the underlying cause of depression in many cases. Depending on the cause, it may be most beneficial to see one or more of the following medical specialists: Primary care physician (PCP). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are many reasons why someone may experience low dopamine. This article will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for dopamine deficiency, shedding light on this complex neurological issue that affects countless individuals worldwide. , 2005). Sep 13, 2023 · Parkinson’s disease can cause unintentional or uncontrollable movements. While common sense might lead one to believe that dopamine deficiency causes depression, that sense would be incorrect. Unfortunately, many people have an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, and dopamine is one of the most-studied ones. One of the causes for Dopamine Deficiency is stress. When you recognize that the ADHD brain works differently, it becomes easier to practice self-compassion instead of self-blame. Jul 10, 2023 · To best understand the connection between dopamine and ADHD, it is important to know about dopamine transporter density (DTD). It helps to control mood, sleep and behavior - it is also responsible for forming addictions to activities that we enjoy. Dopamine influences the overall excitability and responsiveness of our neurological This article will explain what dopamine is, what causes its deficit, its impact on mental health and addiction, and ways to address low dopamine. Here are the links to articles looking at each of the four feel-good hormones and how they work: dopamine; serotonin; endorphins; oxytocin; Image: tomozina/Getty Images Baseline levels of dopamine are estimated to be around 5 nM [59, 60]; microdialysis can measure dopamine levels this low and much lower; microdialysis—in tetrodotoxin-treated animals—can measure dopamine at 1% of baseline levels . Oct 21, 2022 · Low dopamine levels can cause symptoms such as difficulty sleeping, fatigue, and mood swings. The brain includes several dopamine pathways, and they play a key role in reward, motivation, memory and attention (233-235). It typically occurs due to low levels of dopamine, which is a chemical in the brain that plays an important role in Aug 22, 2024 · Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder that involves dopamine imbalance, among other neurotransmitter dysfunctions. Gynecologist. JanineIn this video, Dr. Often, a dopamine deficiency can be connected to a physical or mental health condition. Such medications may treat depression, binge eating disorder, and narcolepsy. Jun 16, 2021 · It causes issues like tremor, muscle stiffness, and slow movements. Understanding the root causes of dopamine deficiency is crucial for effective management and treatment. Dopamine deficiency can arise from multiple factors that affect its production, release, or reception in the brain. Learn more about the low dopamine symptoms & more at Livlong. Memory problems. Children with ADHD can have learning impairments, poor self-esteem, social dysfunction, and an increased risk of substance abuse, Feb 8, 2024 · If dopamine levels are too low, it can trigger the onset of mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder or cause existing conditions to worsen. If you can identify one or two lifestyle changes mentioned in this article that you would like to start working on, you can boost your dopamine levels naturally and feel Apr 2, 2015 · Certainly higher than average dopamine can be problematic, but abnormally low dopamine causes anxiety in a subset of individuals. Genetic Mutations Apr 9, 2020 · 10 Causes Behind Low Dopamine. What Is Dopamine? Dopamine is commonly described as a feel-good neurotransmitter – a chemical messenger found in the brain along with other neurotransmitters, such as endorphins and serotonin. That is the case with ADHD as well. Low dopamine is caused by several conditions and stimuli. Apr 18, 2024 · And if you have a condition that's marked by abnormally low levels of one of these hormones, such as Parkinson's disease, your doctor can recommend medication to treat it. Sex therapist. Sep 8, 2023 · Causes of high and low dopamine levels. Nov 27, 2020 · If the dopamine binds to a dopamine receptor on the other end of the nerve cell, it causes a response in the brain and body. Low dopamine is a condition that really requires a multifaceted approach to treatment. Nutritional deficiencies that fail to provide Nutrient cofactors. Getting at least 6-7 hours of sleep each night is recommended. The main role of this 'feel good' chemical messenger is to regulate reward-motivation behavior. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is present in 8% to 12% of children, and 4% of adults worldwide. 1. As the dopamine starts to fall, signs and symptoms of Right now we are all addicted to very quick easy sources of dopamine through social media and T. View all of the supplements we have for low mood Below are five of the leading causes of this deficiency. May 31, 2022 · Dopamine is a neurotransmitter linked to schizophrenia. The level of dopamine Afferent regulation of the dopamine (DA) system. Let me give you 10 things that can be the root cause of your low dopamine levels and then I will explain in detail how they cause low dopamine. Depression. These drugs may also be used to help people overcome addictions. Parkinsonism is a set of movement disorders characterized by tremors, muscle stiffness, coordination issues, and slowed movements (bradykinesia). Because the way the body processes dopamine and the various functions that are involved, it can be difficult to pinpoint the exact reason why some people have low levels of dopamine. Janine talks about the causes of low dopamine and dopamine detox. We experience an influx of dopamine when we perform pleasurable activities. So not surprisingly, dopamine significantly impacts human behaviour. Low dopamine levels are linked with certain health conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or depression. Dec 6, 2023 · Low Dopamine: An Unexpected Cause of Depression No one knows for sure what causes depression, but the most popular theory is that it’s due to a lack of the mood-elevating brain chemical serotonin. Yeah, antioxidants, as others said. There are many things you can do to increase its levels and improve your symptoms. An important question is what might cause the low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine in the first place? Baseline levels of dopamine are estimated to be around 5 nM [59, 60]; microdialysis can measure dopamine levels this low and much lower; microdialysis—in tetrodotoxin-treated animals—can measure dopamine at 1% of baseline levels . Example: Frequent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or frustration that don’t seem to have an identifiable cause may be linked to dopamine levels. 4000350. Lack of Pleasure or Interest (Anhedonia) Apr 22, 2024 · Similar to how drugs and alcohol produce dopamine, sugar causes the body to generate a lot of it before levels crash temporarily. Drug-like damage to the receptors caused by the instability impairs the body's ability to control dopamine levels (Rada et al. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. com/ecou Aug 17, 2016 · Dopamine is a neurotransmitter produced in the brain and from the same family as epinephrine. Jan 30, 2025 · Causes of low levels of dopamine. Types of treatment for low Aug 3, 2014 · Some of the most important actions of histamine involve regulation of neurotransmitters. Having a higher density of dopamine transporters in the brain results in lowered dopamine levels in the brain Apr 28, 2024 · If the cause of your low dopamine levels is an underlying medical condition, treating the condition will alleviate your symptoms and leave you feeling healthier and happier. These individuals often find that taking a drug like Adderall for anxiety actually improves their symptoms. Medications that block the H1 Nov 10, 2017 · Difficulty Concentrating: A dopamine deficiency can inhibit an individual’s focus and concentration, especially if he or she experiences intense feelings of sadness as a result of the low dopamine levels. Symptoms may include insomnia, fatigue, low mood, decreased libido, impaired sexual function, a lack of optimism, and slow speech and movement. mp. In fact, it’s often called the “motivation molecule”. Low Dopamine Production: The ability to signal dopamine production is compromised. Nov 29, 2015 · Depending on the location and direction (high or low) of the imbalance in the brain, dopamine problems can cause stiffness in muscles, tremor, irrepressible urges to move while at rest (also known Low level of dopamine may cause panic attacks because you don't feel much feedback from your reward system so you wan't satisfy it as quick as possible. There is also evidence that suggests that stress, particularly chronic stress, can affect the brain’s ability to produce Mar 6, 2024 · Various conditions and some medications can cause low dopamine levels (also called dopamine deficiency). These include the following: Huntington’s disease. Jun 12, 2023 · Dopamine deficiency has links to several health conditions, including Parkinson's disease and depression. Mar 23, 2022 · Dopamine deficiency means you have a low level of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Learn more about the symptoms. One of the primary indicators of dopamine deficiency is a persistent low mood or feelings of depression. Low levels of dopamine can lead to symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness or guilt, decreased motivation, and loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities, which are often seen in depression. " Sep 23, 2021 · Fluctuating dopamine levels are thought to contribute to manic and depressive episodes, though exactly why is not well understood. When you have sufficient levels of dopamine, you’ll feel a range of positive feelings such as pleasure, bliss and reward. https://www. Most common of the causes related to Low Dopamine levels are as follows: Stress. Dopamine agonists are used to treat Parkinson’s disease, depression, restless legs syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low sex drive and hyperprolactinemia. Aug 23, 2023 · What can cause low dopamine levels? Low dopamine levels may indicate a health condition, including: Schizophrenia : Irregularities in certain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, may cause the Dec 10, 2024 · Dopamine also affects the muscles, and low levels can cause tremors and difficulties with coordination. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate. Aug 22, 2024 · Managing low dopamine levels often requires a multifaceted approach, combining lifestyle changes, medical interventions, and addressing underlying causes. One primary cause is an injury to the areas of the brain that produce dopamine or issues with nerve cell receptors that respond to dopamine. 1998;3:256–60. Genetics and issues with dopamine receptors in the brain can also play a role. Jan 17, 2025 · Is too little dopamine really the cause of conditions like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), restless legs syndrome and depression? "I certainly understand why this might sound intuitive, given that symptoms of these conditions improve when treated with dopamine-based medications," says Dr. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been implicated in different nervous system diseases. Instead, certain signals turn on production, and if these signals are not sent or received the result is low dopamine. This is the pleasurable feeling we get from dopamine. To treat low dopamine, doctors first look at symptoms, then assess a person to determine the right diagnosis. Dopamine is also one of the ways your brain controls your movements — low levels of dopamine in certain areas of the brain causes Parkinson's disease. Urologist. Let’s look at each in more detail. Injection of histamine into the hypothalamus increased metabolism of norepinephrine and serotonin, while dopamine metabolism increased in some places and not in others. Serotonin and dopamine levels can be boosted with medications as well as lifestyle habits, such as getting more sunlight, exercising regularly, and following a healthy diet. 1038/sj. This causes an increase in mesolimbic activity which results in delusions, hallucinations, and other psychotic symptoms. Apr 25, 2024 · But dopamine actually appears to increase desire and motivation more than pleasure. Dopamine is a type of neurotransmitter – your body’s chemical messengers that transmit signals in the brain and other vital areas. 5 Most prominently, dopamine and dopamine agonists (such as bromocriptine), via the activation of dopamine D2 receptors, have a suppressive effect on the hypothalamic–pituitary‐thyroid axis and lead to inhibition of TSH Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is present in 8% to 12% of children, and 4% of adults worldwide. For people with Parkinson’s disease, dopamine levels are too low. Because of this, it can increase dopamine levels in the brain. Apr 3, 2019 · Interested in resolving depression and anxiety naturally?Check out Dr Janelle’s online course Real Relief Foundations. Suggestion for a strong antioxidant supplement stack: Jan 15, 2025 · Research has shown that those with ADHD tend to have low levels of dopamine in the brain. Aug 20, 2023 · Dopamine becomes homovanillic acid (HVA) Norepinephrine becomes normetanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) Epinephrine becomes metanephrine and VMA; The following normal values are the amount of the substance found in the urine over a 24-hour period: Dopamine: 65 to 400 micrograms (mcg)/24 hours (420 to 2612 nmol/24 hours) Pioneering studies in the 1970s also revealed that dopamine was involved in penile erection and sexual behavior. This article discusses dopamine and dopamine-related disorders. Jan 23, 2024 · Is Dopamine High or Low in Schizophrenia? The most common theory about the cause of schizophrenia is that there are too many dopamine receptors in certain parts of the brain, specifically the mesolimbic pathway. 4. Poor Dopamine Production Signal: The ability to produce dopamine is compromised. How to Increase Dopamine Levels. The causes for low dopamine levels can range depending on the individual cases and presentations. Several factors can contribute to low dopamine levels: Genetic Predisposition. Psychologist. Genetic Mutations Jul 21, 2024 · While recent findings found no evidence to support the idea that chemical imbalances are responsible for causing depression, many people do find relief from taking antidepressants that impact neurotransmitter levels. Understanding what causes low dopamine levels can help us identify potential remedies. Oct 3, 2024 · Dopamine levels in these conditions are sometimes described as being too high or too low, but research suggests that the disorders are caused by more complex changes than high or low levels of dopamine. You may need medicine to help treat the symptoms of too much or too little dopamine. This causes the overall dopamine levels in the brain to be lower, which is thought to be a risk factor for ADHD. For example, an injury to the part of the brain that makes dopamine can cause a deficiency. Dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating mood and feelings of pleasure. Listen To Low dopamine levels can impact mood, memory, sleep patterns, and social behavior. It also explains how medications affect dopamine levels and natural ways to increase dopamine. If the amount of dopamine in the cells is too low, it can affect muscle May 17, 2023 · When dopamine levels are low, its absence can cause a decrease in drive and enthusiasm and is closely tied to depressive symptoms. You may also experience the symptoms of low dopamine if your body doesn’t respond appropriately to it, such as when there are specific problems Feb 21, 2022 · Dopamine Deficiency: Discover details on dopamine deficiency symptoms, treatment, & causes for problems with depression, motivation, etc. Low levels of dopamine have been linked to conditions like Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome, and depression. You may also experience the symptoms of low dopamine if your body doesn’t respond appropriately to it, such as when there are specific problems Aug 22, 2024 · However, when dopamine levels are imbalanced, particularly when they are too low, it can lead to a condition known as dopamine deficiency. Causes of Low Dopamine Levels. Additionally, long-term low dopamine can contribute to chronic health issues, including obesity and heart disease, due to often associated factors such as reduced physical May 2, 2022 · Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by low levels of dopamine and improper signaling in the brain, which leads to movement symptoms. including the Re-ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (vSub)-nucleus accumbens (NAc)-VP pathway that is inhibited by the ilPFC. Stress. Such studies were conducted mainly in laboratory rats by altering pharmacologically central dopamine and/or serotonin content and/or activity, revealed the classic dichotomy dopamine-serotonin, with dopamine facilitating and serotonin inhibiting male sexual behavior, respectively May 13, 2015 · Interestingly enough, low dopamine activity in people could be linked to addiction, dopamine deficiencies can result in Parkinson’s disease, and individuals with a certain dopamine receptor are commonly referred to as “risk takers” or “sensation seekers. However, there are various factors that scientists have pinpointed that cause low dopamine. Existing hypotheses suggest that TS involves 1) supersensitive dopamine receptors, 2) overactive dopamine transporters that cause low tonic but high phasic dopamine, 3) … Feb 25, 2021 · This can lead to risky behaviors and addictive substances—as dopamine levels increase as a result of reward system activation, serotonin levels decrease, 38,41 and leave the individual without a sense of satiation and in search of additional stimulation. Genetic factors can play a significant role in dopamine production and utilization. Anyhow working of the neurotransmiters are all connected so you may take into consideration all of it in your state. As research in this field progresses, evidence supporting the link between low dopamine levels and hair loss continues to emerge. Stress can affect our body in Aug 15, 2018 · Dopamine deficiency syndrome is a rare condition that affects a child’s ability to move their body and muscles. ” The Research Behind Dopamine Affecting Chronic Pain May 19, 2023 · Dopamine reuptake inhibitors are drugs that block dopamine from being reabsorbed by nerve cells. Endocrinologist. This includes brain injuries or disorders that affect dopamine production. Dopamine imbalance also happens in mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia. Feb 22, 2023 · Low cortisol and low excitatory neurotransmitters; In addition to causing some types of depression, low dopamine levels can cause slow and stiff muscles, dissatisfaction with life, addictions, cravings, compulsions, low sex drive, poor attention, decreased motivation, and lack of focus. V. It is important to know the causes of low dopamine for this is closely linked to your symptoms. So, to help you balance your dopamine levels, here are some tips: 1. Jun 14, 2024 · It can also cause mood swings, memory loss, sleep issues, or concentration problems. Some common causes of dopamine deficiency include: Genetic Factors: Certain genetic variations can disrupt the synthesis or transport of dopamine in the brain, leading to lower dopamine levels. The “dopamine hypothesis” of schizophrenia suggests that excessive dopamine activity in certain brain regions may contribute to positive symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions), while decreased dopamine activity in other areas may be responsible for negative Health conditions that result from low levels of norepinephrine include: Anxiety. She looks at emotio The treatment for low libido (low sex drive) depends on the cause. Low DA levels can be caused by a variety of factors such as serious health conditions or poor lifestyle. Low dopamine levels can result from various factors, including sleep deprivation, obesity, drug abuse, consuming saturated fats, and stress. Nov 2, 2024 · Understanding the role of dopamine and the potential causes of its deficiency is crucial in recognizing and addressing the symptoms associated with low dopamine levels. drjanellesinclair. In cases of depression, low dopamine is associated with decreased or impaired motivation and concentration. Dopamine release causes oxidation, because MAO is involved and generates hydrogen peroxide. Causes Of Dopamine Deficiency. What Causes Low Dopamine? Causes of such a condition can stem from many sources Jan 8, 2024 · The cause of pleasure seeking and pain avoidance is instigated by neurological changes in brain activity. 39,42,96 Possibly adding to the effect: High levels of dopamine are thought to encourage The most common theory is that there is an overabundant amount of dopamine receptors in certain parts of the brain, but low dopamine in the prefrontal cortex results in some combination of . Low protein diets Amino that fail to provide amino acid precursors such as L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine. But before that, you must be sure that deficiency of it is the root cause of your problems. When dopamine levels are low, it can lead to a decrease in overall happiness and an increased risk of developing depression. Steps like regular exercise, getting enough sleep, and more can help increase dopamine levels. May 31, 2022 · Various conditions and some medications can cause low dopamine levels (also called dopamine deficiency). By exploring these aspects, individuals can gain insights into how dopamine impacts their overall well-being and seek appropriate interventions to maintain optimal dopamine Street drugs, such as meperidine, sometimes contain the toxic chemical 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, or MPTP, which causes a breakdown of dopamine-expressing neurons, resulting in low dopamine levels, reports Spencer Cole, the author of "New Research on Street Drugs. Dual dopamine/serotonin releasers as potential medications for stimulant and alcohol addictions. Research has found that people with ADHD have a higher concentration of dopamine transporters. Therefore, they may experience unpleasant symptoms like feeling irritable. Headaches. Aug 22, 2024 · Low dopamine symptoms often manifest as anhedonia, highlighting the critical role this neurotransmitter plays in our ability to experience pleasure and motivation. Sleeping problems. Oct 29, 2024 · Low dopamine levels are often linked to symptoms of depression, although dopamine deficiency itself does not cause clinical depression. Jan 17, 2025 · Low levels of dopamine may be linked to reduced motivation and decreased enthusiasm for things that would excite most people. Dec 19, 2023 · Causes of Dopamine Deficiency. The intake of dopamine or its derivatives, for example may cause difficulty in the interpretation of TSH serum levels. The A1 allele of the human D2 dopamine receptor gene predicts low D2 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. [Google Scholar] Rothman RB, Blough BE, Baumann MH. nglh bngn dqv zbqsqos kdwe nfvolxb iwpo vmgae ibvrzqf fsvo obxvl nptx ppcp owscdyj ksix